Tang-era piece: Fan Long Zhou
《汎龍舟》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 23 July 2023)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Fan Long Zhou (《汎龍舟》or《泛龍舟》), which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a suite in the Mixolydian mode on B, called Shui diao (水調) in Chinese and Sui-chō in Japanese. It comprises two movements:
1) 序 (Xu / Jo) - prelude/beginning2) 破 (Po / Ha) - "broaching"/breaking/developing
As preserved in Sino-Japanese sources, this piece is called Hanryūshū『汎龍舟（はんりゅうしゅう）』or Hanryōshū 『泛龍舟（はんりょうしゅう）』, and it appears in the following score collections:
1) Hakuga Fue-fu『博雅笛譜』, also known as Hakuga no Fue-fu (literally "Hakuga's Fue Scores"), and properly known as Shinsen Gaku-fu (Chōshukyō Chiku-fu) 『新撰樂譜（長秋卿竹譜）』(literally "Newly Compiled Music Scores (Lord Long Autumn's Bamboo [Flute] Scores)") (966)
2) and 3) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
4) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
5) Rosei Yōroku『蘆聲要録』(perhaps 1661)
The list of "Tang music" pieces prepared by the Japanese flute player Heguri no Hideshige (平群秀茂) that appears in his Sango Hishō『三五秘抄』(928) lists Fan Long Zhou as a two-movement suite comprising xu (序, prelude) and po (破, "broaching") movements, in Shui diao (水調; Japanese: Sui-chō).
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● Sui Shu《隋书》(The Book of Sui)
The official history of the Sui Dynasty (581-618), the Sui Shu was completed in 636 (actually during the early Tang Dynasty). It is one of the Twenty-Four Histories (二十四史). Music is discussed in several sections, and Fan Long Zhou appears in volume 15 as《汎龍舟》.
● Jiaofang Ji《教坊记》(The Conservatory Records)
A collection of short essays by the Tang Dynasty scholar Cui Lingqin (崔令钦, fl. 749). Fan Long Zhou appears as《泛龍舟》.
● Tongdian《通典》(Comprehensive Institutions)
Written by Tang Dynasty scholar and historian Du You (杜佑, 735-812) between 766 and 801, Tongdian discusses music in its fifth section, and Fan Long Zhou appears in volume 146 as《泛龍舟》.
● Jiu Tang Shu《旧唐书》(The Old Book of Tang), also known simply as Tang Shu《唐书》 (The Book of Tang), a historical work in 200 volumes that was completed in 945, actually during the Later Jin (后晋) Dynasty, one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十国) period following the fall of the Tang Dynasty; it is one of the Twenty-Four Histories (二十四史). Fan Long Zhou appears as《泛龍舟》in volume 29.
● Tang Huiyao《唐会要》(Institutional History of Tang)
This history of the Tang Dynasty, comprising 100 volumes and 514 sections, was compiled by Wang Pu (王溥, 922-982) and presented to Emperor Taizu, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, in 961. Fan Long Zhou appears as《泛龍舟》in volume 33.
● Taiping Yulan《太平御览》, an encyclopedia of general knowledge compiled by a committee of officials coordinated by Li Fang from 977 to 983
Considered one of the Four Great Books of Song, this huge leishu encyclopedia was commissioned by the imperial court of the Song dynasty during the first era of the reign of Emperor Taizong. It is divided into 1,000 volumes and 55 sections, which consist of about 4.7 million Chinese characters. Music is covered in a section entitled "Music Division" (Yuebu, 乐部), beginning with Yuebu 1 (乐部一) in chapter 563 and ending with Yuebu 22 (乐部二十二) in chapter 584. Fan Long Zhou appears in volume 169 as《泛龍舟》.
● Yuefu Shiji《乐府诗集》by Guo Maoqian (郭茂倩, 1041-1099)
Fan Long Zhou appears in volumes 44, 47, and 61 as《泛龍舟》.
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Videos and recordings of Fan Long Zhou
● Studio recording of Fan Long Zhou, as transcribed by Ye Dong, performed by an unknown dizi player (China, 1998)
● Realization of Fan Long Zhou, as transcribed by Ye Dong, done by Chatchol Thaikheaw using synthesized sounds (Thailand, 2013)
● Excerpt of a studio demo recording of the Po movement of Fan Long Zhou, performed by Xu Ge and his ensemble (Beijing, China, 2019)
● Performance of Fan Long Zhou by a 4-member ensemble from the Shanghai Traditional Music Society (上海国乐研究会) (Shanghai, China, 2020)
● Solo heng di performance of the Po movement of Fan Long Zhou, done by Bilibili user 长清居士 (China, 2020)
● Realization of Fan Long Zhou, done by Bilibili user Cheng Xinjiang (程心酱) using synthesized sounds (China, 2020)
● Full-ensemble realization of Fan Long Zhou, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Fan Long Zhou, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Fan Long Zhou, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version, in two modes (Japan, 2021)
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Bibliography
● Marett, Allan. "Tunes Notated in Flute-Tablature from a Japanese Source of the Tenth Century." Musica Asiatica, vol. 1 (1977), pp. 1-59.
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Thanks to Steven G. Nelson for assistance with this page.
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