Tang-era piece: Huang Zhang
《皇麞》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 12 March 2023)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Huang Zhang (《皇麞》or《黄麞》, translated as "Water Deer" or "Yellow Roe"), which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a suite in the Dorian mode on E, called Ping diao (平調) in Chinese and Hyōjō in Japanese.
As preserved in Sino-Japanese sources, this piece is called Ōjō『皇麞（おうじょう）』, and it appears in the following score collections:
1) and 2) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
3) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
4) Rosei Yōroku『蘆聲要録』(perhaps 1661)
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Chinese historical sources mentioning Huang Zhang
● Jiu Tang Shu《旧唐书》(The Old Book of Tang), also known simply as Tang Shu《唐书》 (The Book of Tang), a historical work in 200 volumes that was completed in 945, actually during the Later Jin (后晋) Dynasty, one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十国) period following the fall of the Tang Dynasty; it is one of the Twenty-Four Histories (二十四史). The title appears in volume 189 as《黃麞》or《黃獐》:
郭山惲
郭山惲，蒲州河東人。少通《三禮》。景龍中，累遷國子司業。時中宗數引近臣及修文學士，與之宴集，嘗令各效伎藝，以為笑樂。工部尚書張錫為《談容娘舞》，將作大匠宗晉卿舞《渾脫》，左衛將軍張洽舞《黃麞》，左金吾衛將軍杜元琰誦《婆羅門咒》，給事中李行言唱《駕車西河》，中書舍人盧藏用效道士上章。山惲獨奏曰：「臣無所解，請誦古詩兩篇。」帝從之，於是誦《鹿鳴》、《蟋蟀》之詩。奏未畢，中書令李嶠以其詞有「好樂無荒」之語，頗涉規諷，怒為忤旨，遽止之。
● Yuefu Shiji《乐府诗集》by Guo Maoqian (郭茂倩, 1041-1099)
Huang Zhang Ge《黄獐歌》is discussed in volume 86, as follows:
卷八十六
杂歌谣辞四
歌辞四
【黄獐歌】
《唐书·五行志》曰：“如意初，里中歌黄獐。后契丹李尽忠、孙万荣叛，陷营州。则天令总管曹仁师、王孝杰等将兵百万讨之，大败於硖石黄獐谷而死。”朝廷嘉其忠，为造此曲，后亦为舞曲。
黄獐黄獐草里藏，弯弓射尔伤。
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Chinese poems and poetic lyrics mentioning Huang Zhang
《黄獐歌》
(Huang Zhang Ge)
作者：无名氏（唐）
Anonymous (Tang Dynasty)
(Huang Zhang Ge)
作者：无名氏（唐）
Anonymous (Tang Dynasty)
黄獐黄獐草里藏，弯弓射尔伤。
Notes:
如意年已来，始唱《黄獐歌》。俄而契丹反叛，总管曹仁师、张玄遇、麻仁节、王孝杰，前后百万众，败于硖石黄獐谷，罔有孑遗。
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Videos and recordings of Huang Zhang
● Full-ensemble performance of the Ji movement of Huang Zhang by an ensemble from the Research Centre for Japanese Traditional Music at the Kyoto City University of Arts, dir. Takwa Satoshi (Kyoto, Japan, 2012)
● Performance of Huang Zhang by Xu Ge and his ensemble (China, 2018)
● Full-ensemble realization of Huang Zhang, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Huang Zhang, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
● Electronic realization of Huang Zhang (ensemble) by YouTube user 古樂尋蹤_HGofACH (Canada, 2022)
● Full-ensemble realization of a Meiji-era version of Huang Zhang, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2023)
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Thanks to Keith Wong for assistance with this page.
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