Tang-era piece: Niao Xiang Yue
《鳥向樂》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 23 July 2023)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Niao Xiang Yue《鳥向樂》, which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a single-movement piece in the Dorian mode. It is in two sections, each of which comprises 18 measures of 8/4.
As preserved in Sino-Japanese sources, this piece is called Chōkōraku『鳥向樂（ちょうこうらく）』, and it appears in the following score collections:
1) Hakuga Fue-fu『博雅笛譜』, also known as Hakuga no Fue-fu (literally "Hakuga's Fue Scores"), and properly known as Shinsen Gaku-fu (Chōshukyō Chiku-fu) 『新撰樂譜（長秋卿竹譜）』(literally "Newly Compiled Music Scores (Lord Long Autumn's Bamboo [Flute] Scores)") (966)
2) and 3) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
4) Rosei Yōroku『蘆聲要録』(perhaps 1661)
The list of "Tang music" pieces prepared by the Japanese flute player Heguri no Hideshige (平群秀茂) that appears in his Sango Hishō『三五秘抄』(928) lists Niao Xiang Yue as a po (破, "broaching") movement, in the Dorian mode on B, which is called Panshe diao (盤渉調) in Chinese and Banshiki-chō in Japanese.
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Videos and recordings of Niao Xiang Yue
● Full-ensemble realization of Niao Xiang Yue, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Niao Xiang Yue, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qGAwmyOrD5Q
● Full-ensemble realization of Niao Xiang Yue, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2 (Japan, 2022)
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Bibliography
● Marett, Allan. "Tunes Notated in Flute-Tablature from a Japanese Source of the Tenth Century." Musica Asiatica, vol. 1 (1977), pp. 1-59.
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Thanks to Steven G. Nelson for assistance with this page.
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