Tang-era piece: Anle Yan
《安樂塩》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 12 March 2023)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Anle Yan《安樂塩》(Song of Peace and Joy), which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a single-movement piece consisting of 12 measures of 4/2.
As preserved in Sino-Japanese sources, this piece is called Anraku-en『安樂塩（あんらくえん）』, and it appears in the following score collections:
1) and 2) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
3) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
4) Rosei Yōroku『蘆聲要録』(perhaps 1661)
In the context of the piece's title, the term "yan" (塩), which usually means "salt" in Chinese, refers to a particular type of poetic song during the Tang period (a synonym for "qu" 曲).
According to the Jiu Tang Shu《旧唐书》(Old History of Tang), Anle (安樂) was the name of a dance performed as part of the Libu Ji (立部伎, "Standing Music") of the Tang court, beginning during the reign of Gaozu (r. 618-626), the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty.
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Chinese historical sources mentioning Anle Yan
● Jiu Tang Shu《旧唐书》(The Old Book of Tang), also known simply as Tang Shu《唐书》 (The Book of Tang), a historical work in 200 volumes that was completed in 945, actually during the Later Jin (后晋) Dynasty, one of the Five Dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (五代十国) period following the fall of the Tang Dynasty; it is one of the Twenty-Four Histories (二十四史). The title "Anle"《安樂》is mentioned in volume 29.
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Videos and recordings of Anle Yan
● Full-ensemble realization of Anle Yan by Bilibili user männlichkeit (China, 2020)
● Performance of Anle Yan by Xu Ge and his ensemble, with added Western harmony in the shu konghou part (Weihai, Shandong province, China, 2020)
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vA411j7kt
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1vA411j7kt
● Full-ensemble performance of Anle Yan by the Silk Road Music ensemble (Vancouver, Canada, 2020) (starts at 46:23)
● Multitrack recording of Anle Yan, performed by Bilibili user Beilin Zhai Zhuren (北林斋主人), bili and heng di (China, 2020)
● Full-ensemble realization of Anle Yan done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Anle Yan done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Anle Yan done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2 (Japan, 2022)
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Bibliography
● Picken, Laurence E. R. and Noël J. Nickson, eds., with Rembrandt F. Wolpert, Allan J. Marett, Elizabeth J. Markham, Stephen Jones, and Yōko Mitani. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 6. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
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