Tang-era piece: Funan
《扶南》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 12 March 2023)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Funan《扶南》, which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a single-movement xiao qu (小曲, small piece) consisting of 14 measures of 4/4, in the Dorian mode. The title is the Chinese name for an ancient Indianized kingdom of mainland Southeast Asia.
It appears in the following score collections:
1) and 2) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
3) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
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Tang-era lyrics for Funan
Although the score materials for Funan that survive are instrumental only, the Tang Dynasty poet Wang Wei (王维, 692-761 or 699-759) left five sets of lyrics by this title, which Wang may have intended to be sung to the same melody preserved in Sino-Japanese sources:
《扶南曲歌词五首》
Five Lyrics for the "Funan" Melody
作者：王维（唐）
by Wang Wei (Tang Dynasty, 692-761 or 699-759)
其一
翠羽流苏帐，春眠曙不开。
羞从面色起，娇逐语声来。
早向昭阳殿，君王中使催。
其二
堂上青弦动，堂前绮席陈。
齐歌卢女曲，双舞洛阳人。
倾国徒相看，宁知心所亲。
其三
香气传空满，妆华影箔通。
歌闻天仗外，舞出御楼中。
日暮归何处，花间长乐宫。
其四
宫女还金屋，将眠复畏明。
入春轻衣好，半夜薄妆成。
拂曙朝前殿，玉墀多佩声。
其五
朝日照绮窗，佳人坐临镜。
散黛恨犹轻，插钗嫌未正。
同心勿遽游，幸待春妆竟。
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Videos and recordings of Funan
● Performance of Funan by Xu Ge and his ensemble (China, 2018)
● Full-ensemble realization of Funan, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 1.2 (Japan, 2022)
● Solo heng di performance of Funan, done by Bilibili user 唐散宋凝明清意 (China, 2022)
● Realization of Funan for voice, bili, transverse flute, and pipa, done by by Bilibili user 北林斋主人 (China, 2022)
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MG4y1d7QX/
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Bibliography
● Wolpert, Rembrandt. "Tang-Music (Tōgaku) Manuscripts for Lute and Their Interrelationships." In Music and Tradition: Essays on Asian and Other Musics Presented to Laurence Picken, ed. D. R. Widdess and R. F. Wolpert (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1981), pp. 69-121.
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