Tang-era piece: Bai Zhu
《白柱》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 23 June 2026)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Bai Zhu《白柱》 (The White Pillar), which is in the Dorian mode on B, called Banshe diao (盤渉調) in Chinese and Banshiki-chō in Japanese.
1) Hakuga Fue-fu『博雅笛譜』, also known as Hakuga no Fue-fu (literally "Hakuga's Fue Scores"), and properly known as Shinsen Gaku-fu (Chōshukyō Chiku-fu) 『新撰樂譜（長秋卿竹譜）』(literally "Newly Compiled Music Scores (Lord Long Autumn's Bamboo [Flute] Scores)") (966)
2) and 3) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
4) Ko-fu-Ryoritsu-no-Maki 『古譜呂律巻』, also called Hōshō-fu『鳳笙譜』(1201)
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Videos and recordings of Bai Zhu
● Two full-ensemble recordings of Bai Zhu, the first played by Tōgi Suenaga with 11 other members of the gagaku ensemble of the Ministry of the Imperial Household (宮内省雅楽部東儀季熙、他11名) and recorded on 78-rpm record by the American recording engineer Fred Gaisberg (1873-1951) in Tokyo in 1903; and the second played by the Tokyo Gakuso (東京楽所, est. 1978), which was released as CD 2, Track 2 of the Nippon Columbia Co., Ltd./NIPPONOPHONE album "Gagaku no Sekai: Shimo"『雅樂の世界・下』(Gagaku • II) in 1990
● Full-ensemble realization of Bai Zhu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Bai Zhu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2 (Japan, 2022)
● Realization of Bai Zhu for transverse flute and large drum, done by by Bilibili user 冯氏羊肉馆 using synthesized sounds (China, 2022)
● Realization of Bai Zhu for bili and transverse flute, done by by Bilibili user 北林斋主人 (China, 2023) (dead link)
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1tT411H7qH/
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Bibliography
● Marett, Allan. "Tunes Notated in Flute-Tablature from a Japanese Source of the Tenth Century." Musica Asiatica, vol. 1 (1977), pp. 1-59.
● Wolpert, Rembrandt. "Tang-Music (Tōgaku) Manuscripts for Lute and Their Interrelationships." In Music and Tradition: Essays on Asian and Other Musics Presented to Laurence Picken, ed. D. R. Widdess and R. F. Wolpert (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1981), pp. 69-121.
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