Tang-era piece: Hu Yin Jiu
《胡飲酒》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 22 February 2025)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era suite entitled Hu Yin Jiu《胡飲酒》(Sogdians Drinking Wine), which comprises two movements:
1) 序 (Xu / Jo) - prelude/beginning
2) 破 (Po / Ha) - "broaching"/breaking/developing
The suite is in the Mixolydian mode on D, called Yue diao (越調) in Chinese and Ichikotsu-chō (壹越調) in Japanese.
1) Konju『胡飲酒（こんじゅ）』2) Koinju『胡飲酒（こいんじゅ）』3) Koinzu『胡飲酒（こいんず）』4) Konzu『胡飲酒（こんず）』5) Kōnju『胡飲酒（こおんじゅ）』
It appears in the following score collections:
1) and 2) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
3) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
3) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
This title does not occur in any Tang-era Chinese sources. According to musicologist Steven Nelson:
"The title, and the costume and mask used in the dance, all look as if they have strong Silk-Road influence, but they may just be 9th-century Japanese creations. The ha/po 破 movement has the same melody as the saibara song 'Tanaka (no ido),' and, as is the case when such a connection exists, it seems more likely that the song is the original, and the Tōgaku piece an arrangement of it. This fits with annotations in early Japanese scores that state that the music and dance were 'made' by musicians at the court of Emperor Ninmyō, who ruled from 833 to 850. So it's a Japanese re-imagination of what a dance by a drunken Sogdian might have looked like, set to the tune of a popular Japanese song, perhaps a simple children's song.
"I think that the melody is a Japanese one, probably dating from the 6th to 7th century, when the Japanese capital was in the Asuka region, in the southern part of the Nara basin. Some time ago I visited the remains of a well in the area supposedly called Tanaka-no-ido ('Well among the fields' or 'Tanaka's well') from ancient times. The text of the song seems to be a work song, encouraging young maidens to pick the greens that grow around the well. I don't think that the people of the time would have imagined they were 'composing a melody in Tang style'. I think it was simply a Japanese folksong."
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Videos and recordings of Hu Yin Jiu
● Two recordings of Hu Yin Jiu, as supervised by Laurence Picken and performed by a small ensemble led by Wu Wu-hsing (Taipei, Taiwan, 1972)
● Full-ensemble realization of Hu Yin Jiu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds (Japan, 2021)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeiROV2RKIk
● Full-ensemble realization of Hu Yin Jiu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oeiROV2RKIk
● Full-ensemble realization of Hu Yin Jiu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCqJNzaR7HA
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Bibliography
● Full-ensemble realization of Hu Yin Jiu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2 (Japan, 2022)
● Full-ensemble realization of Hu Yin Jiu, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 3 (Japan, 2022)
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Bibliography
● Picken, Laurence, and Kenneth Pont, arr. Ancient Chinese Tunes: Nine Pieces for Recorders, Tuned Percussion, Rhythmic Percussion, Plucked Strings, Guitar, and Optional Clarinets in B Flat. London: Oxford University Press, 1973.
● Picken, L.E.R., and R. F. Wolpert. "Mouth-Organ and Lute Parts of Tōgaku and Their Interrelationships." Musica Asiatica, vol. 3 (1981), pp. 79-95.
● Picken, Laurence, ed., with Rembrandt F. Wolpert, Allan J. Marett, Jonathan Condit, and Elizabeth J. Markham, and with Yōko Mitani and Noël J. Nickson. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
● Laurence Picken and Noël J. Nickson, eds., with Rembrandt F. Wolpert, Allan J. Marett, Elizabeth J. Markham, Yōko Mitani, and Stephen Jones. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.
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