Tang-era piece: Wu De Yue
《武徳樂》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 29 May 2022)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Wu De Yue《武徳樂》(Martial Virtue Music), which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a single-movement piece consisting of 12 measures of 2/2, in the Mixolydian mode, which is described in various Sino-Japanese score collections as either a "quick" (急, ji / kyū) or "broaching" (破, po / ha) movement.
As preserved in Sino-Japanese sources, this piece is called Butokuraku『武徳樂（ぶとくらく）』or『武德樂（ぶとくらく）』, and it appears in the following score collections:
1) and 2) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
According to Medieval Japanese sources, Wu De Yue may have originated during the reign of Gaozu (r. 618-626), the first emperor of the Tang Dynasty. According to Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, it originally also had a prelude (序, xu / jo) consisting of 16 measures, but this prelude has been lost.
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Videos and recordings of Wu De Yue
● Performance of Wu De Yue by Xu Ge and his ensemble, with added Western harmony in the shu konghou part (Weihai, Shandong province, China, 2020)
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1H54y1C7BX
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1H54y1C7BX
● Full-ensemble realization of Wu De Yue, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2 (Japan, 2022)
● Full-ensemble realization of Wu De Yue, done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2.1 (Japan, 2022)
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Bibliography
● Picken, Laurence, ed., with Rembrandt F. Wolpert, Allan J. Marett, Jonathan Condit, and Elizabeth J. Markham, and with Yōko Mitani and Noël J. Nickson. Music from the Tang Court, vol. 4. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
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