Tang-era piece: Xiang Fu Lian
《想夫戀》
compiled by David Badagnani (rev. 12 March 2023)
In an effort to make this information more accessible, this document contains resources related to the Tang-era piece entitled Xiang Fu Lian (《想夫戀》, 《想夫恋》, or《想夫憐》), which exists in the form of instrumental parts for a single-movement piece in the Dorian mode.
As preserved in Sino-Japanese sources, this piece is called Sōfuren『想夫戀（そうふれん）』or『想夫恋（そうふれん）』, and it appears in the following score collections:
1) and 2) Sango Yōroku and Jinchi Yōroku, both of which were compiled in the late 12th century
3) Ruisō Chiyō『類箏治要』(1296 or c. 1261)
4) Rosei Yōroku『蘆聲要録』(perhaps 1661)
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Chinese historical sources mentioning Xiang Fu Lian
● Jiaofang Ji《教坊记》(The Conservatory Records)
A collection of short essays by the Tang scholar Cui Lingqin (崔令钦, fl. 749). The title appears as "Xiang Fu Lian《想夫憐》.
● Taiping Guangji《太平广记》(Extensive Records of the Taiping Era)
Taiping Guangji is a collection of stories compiled in the early Northern Song Dynasty under imperial direction by the scholar and bureaucrat Li Fang (李昉, 925-996). The work was completed in 978 and printing blocks were cut, but it was prevented from publication on the grounds that it contained only xiaoshuo (fiction or "insignificant tellings") and thus "was of no use to young students." It survived in manuscript form until it was eventually published in the Ming Dynasty. The collection, which is considered one of the Four Great Books of Song, is divided into 500 volumes and consists of about 3 million Chinese characters. It includes about 7,000 stories selected from over 300 books and novels from the Han Dynasty to the early Song Dynasty, many of which have been lost. Some stories are historical or naturalistic anecdotes, and each is replete with historical elements, and were not regarded by their authors as fiction, but the topics are mostly supernatural, about Buddhist and Taoist priests, immortals, ghosts, and various deities. They include a number of Tang Dynasty stories, especially chuanqi (tales of wonder), that are famous works of literature in their own right, and also inspired later works. "Xiang Fu Lian" (spelled both《想夫憐》and《相府蓮》) is mentioned in volume 242, as follows:
卷第二百四十二
谬误（遗忘附）
于頔
唐司空于頔以乐曲有《想夫怜》，其名不雅，将改之。客有笑曰："南朝相府，曾有瑞莲，故歌为《相府莲》。自是后人语讹。"乃不改。（出《国史补》）
又 旧说，董仲舒墓，门人至，皆下马。谓之"下马陵"，语讹为"虾蟆陵"。今荆襄之人，呼"堤"为"提"；留绛之人，呼"釜"为"付"。（按《国史补》作"晋绛之人"，"呼棱"为"笙"，关中人呼"稻"为"讨"，呼"釜"为"付"，故此处有脱讹。）皆讹谬所习也。（出《国史补》）
【译文】
唐朝时，司空于頔认为乐曲《想夫怜》的曲名不够文雅，想改换个曲名。有位客人笑着说："南朝相府中，曾有瑞莲。所以有首歌名《相府莲》。'想夫怜'是后人的讹传"。于是就不改了。
又 旧时还有人说，汉朝宰相董仲舒的陵墓，他的僚下、弟子去拜谒，都必须下马方得进入。因此称为"下马陵"，后人讹传为"虾蟆陵"。现在荆襄一带的人，管"堤"叫"提"；留绛一带的人，管"釜"叫"付"。这些，都是讹误而成了习惯。
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Chinese poems and poetic lyrics mentioning Xiang Fu Lian
《听歌六绝句 想夫怜》
作者：白居易（唐）
by Bai Juyi (Tang Dynasty, 772-846)
玉管朱弦莫急催，容听歌送十分杯。
长爱夫怜第二句，请君重唱夕阳开。
Notes:
王维右丞词云：“秦川一半夕阳开。”此句尤佳。
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《听多美唱歌》
作者：李涉（唐）
by Li She (Tang Dynasty, fl. 806)
黄莺慢转引秋蝉，冲断行云直入天。
一曲梁州听初了，为君别唱想夫怜。
More information:
https://sou-yun.cn/Query.aspx?type=poem1&id=28071
https://sou-yun.cn/Query.aspx?type=poem1&id=28071
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《春词》
作者：元稹（中唐）
by Yuan Zhen (mid-Tang Dynasty, 779-831)
一双玉手十三弦，移柱高低落鬓边。
即问向来弹了曲，羞人不道《想夫怜》。
Notes:
按：（《千载佳句》卷下《宴喜部·筝》）。
More information:
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Videos and recordings of Xiang Fu Lian
● Performance of Xiang Fu Lian by an ensemble from the Research Centre for Japanese Traditional Music at the Kyoto City University of Arts, dir. Takwa Satoshi (Kyoto, Japan, 2012)
● Performance of a segment of Xiang Fu Lian by an ensemble from the Research Centre for Japanese Traditional Music at the Kyoto City University of Arts, dir. Takwa Satoshi (Kyoto, Japan, 2012)
● Duo performance of Xiang Fu Lian by musicians from the Research Centre for Japanese Traditional Music at the Kyoto City University of Arts, including Takwa Satoshi (Kyoto, Japan, 2014)
● Performance of Xiang Fu Lian by Xu Ge and his ensemble (China, 2018)
● Ensemble/vocal studio recording of Xiang Fu Lian by Bilibili user männlichkeit (China, 2020)
● Full-ensemble realization of Xiang Fu Lian done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Xiang Fu Lian done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 2 (Japan, 2021)
● Full-ensemble realization of Xiang Fu Lian done by Tokinori Yanagita using synthesized sounds, revised version 3 (Japan, 2022)
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Bibliography
● Wolpert, Rembrandt. "Tang-Music (Tōgaku) Manuscripts for Lute and Their Interrelationships." In Music and Tradition: Essays on Asian and Other Musics Presented to Laurence Picken, ed. D. R. Widdess and R. F. Wolpert (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1981), pp. 69-121.
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